Internet vs The Web


    The Internet was a revolutionary invention that was conceived through the imaginations and hard work of hundreds of people over a period of several decades. While Robert Kahn and Victor Cerf are credited with it's invention, the reality is that the internet came into being through a period of technological evolution, making it almost impossible to truly just give the credit to one or two people. 


    The Sputnik's creation in 1957 by the Russians propelled the United States into a nation wide panic and scramble towards technological and scientific innovation.  The military scientists of the U.S. particularly feared that a Russian attack could damage telephone lines, therefore severely hindering long-distance communication nationwide. In order to counteract this, in 1962 an M.I.T scientist by the name of  J.C.R Licklider proposed a "galactic network" of computers that were able to communicate with each other. From this idea, in 1964, another scientist devised a way of sending information called "packet switching:" a system that breaks down data into "packets" before sending it to it's intended destination. This invention was a key form of protection for ARPAnet- the name of the government's computer network- that prevented it from being attacked in the same way that phone lines would be.  In 1969, the networks first message was sent: LOGIN. Only the first two letters came through before the network crashed, but it was world changing.  As more and more computers joined the network, it became difficult to integrate them into a single worldwide "internet." This problem was solved by the aforementioned Victor Cerf when he created the "Transmission Control Protocol," and thus, what we know now as the internet was born. 


    In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web. a metaphorical "web" of information that anyone using the internet could access. He, at this time, also wrote the three fundamental technologies of today's web" HTML, URI, and HTTP. The web served to popularize the internet, and served as a basis for the vast trove of information and resources we can access online today. 


    As we can see from this brief history, the Internet and The Web are not the same thing. Rather, the internet is a network allowing computers from all around the world to communicate with each other, while the Web is a collection of information that can be accessed through the use of the internet. The Internet is the hardware and wires behind the machine, but the Web is what truly brings the internet to life. Thus, in the future, remember that when you're googling your favorite artist or watching a video tutorial on how to bake bread, you are accessing the world wide web via the internet on your quest for new knowledge. 




FUN FACT: The first website ever created for the World Wide Web was by Berners-Lee and was an informational page about the Web! The link to said website is as follows: http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html 

Look at that! A historical artifact accessible from your own computer!




Citations


Andrews, Evan. “Who Invented the Internet?” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 18 Dec. 2013, www.history.com/news/who-invented-the-internet.

Breners-Lee, Tim. “World Wide Web.” The World Wide Web Project, 6 Aug. 1991, info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html.

“Brief History of the Internet.” Internet Society, Internet Society, 14 Aug. 2020, www.internetsociety.org/internet/history-internet/brief-history-internet/.

“History of the Web.” World Wide Web Foundation, World Wide Web Foundation, webfoundation.org/about/vision/history-of-the-web/.

History.com Editors. “The Invention of the Internet.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 30 July 2010, www.history.com/topics/inventions/invention-of-the-internet.

Shontell, Alyson. “FLASHBACK: This Is What The First-Ever Website Looked Like.” Business Insider, Business Insider, 29 June 2011, www.businessinsider.com/flashback-this-is-what-the-first-website-ever-looked-like-2011-6#:~:text=The%20first%20web%20page%20went,%2FWWW%2FTheProject.html.










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